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If you don't know how to distinguish them, you can read this post, in which Mini Tool explains their differences to you from 4 aspects: function, appearance, speed, and compatibility. In the computer, if different devices want to exchange data, they must do that via a certain channel, that is, bus.

Explaining PCIe Slots - YouTube

Bus is a common communication trunk line for transmitting information between various functional parts of a computer. Many years ago (around 2000-2010), the computer motherboard is constructed like the following picture: This structure is a typical North-South Bridge chip structure based on PCI bus. It is a transmission wiring harness composed of wires. PCI is shorthand for Peripheral Component Interconnect, which is a local bus in PC. CPU and Northbridge chip are connected via FSB (Front Side Bus).

The Northbridge chip is mainly responsible for controlling data exchange between CPU and high-speed devices (AGP graphics card, memory). Then, Southbridge is connected to Northbridge via an internal bus (like Hub-Link). Under Southbridge, there are many buses: PCI, LPC (Low Pin Count), SATA, USB, etc.

The Southbridge chip is mainly responsible for data exchange of low-speed devices like floppy drive, hard disk, keyboard, and add-in card. PCI bus is mainly responsible for connecting devices like network card, audio card, and SCSI card. LPC bus is mainly responsible for connecting common low-speed devices like BIOS, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk, etc. PCI Express, also called PCIe/PCI-E, is the successor of PCI and AGP.

Identify a variety of PCI slots LaCie Support UK

In addition, it is gradually taking place of SATA and USB buses. A typical motherboard structure based on PCIe is shown like the following picture: The above picture shows the structure of Intel Z390 motherboard that was launched at October 8, 2018.

In this motherboard, Northbridge is totally integrated into CPU, so there are only two main parts: CPU and Southbridge (Intel calls it I/O Control Hub or Platform Controller Hub). Similarly, the graphics card and memory are directly connected to CPU.   But there are two points you should pay attention to: a.  

the graphics card is connected to CPU via PCIe bus; b.

the motherboard supports direct connection between CPU and PCIe SSD. Then, Intel Z390 chipset (Southbridge) is connected to CPU via DMI (Direct Media Interface) 3.0 bus that is based on PCIe bus. When you read here, you might be thinking “where is my M.2 PCIe SSD plugged in?

PXI Chassis - NI

The Southbridge distributes 24 PCIe lanes used for connecting hard drives, USB devices, network card, audio card, etc. ” Actually, there are two situations: In most cases, your computer takes the second layout. Even though PCIe SSDs share throughput with other devices, they are still faster than other SSDs like SATA SSDs. Besides, the additional devices on the Southbridge will not operate all together usually, so the throughput of DMI 3.0 is sufficient.

In this part, I will explain PCI vs PCI Express from 3 aspects.